Offshore - the H₂Mare Game Manual

The Game Handbook contains relevant explanations of terms around the subject of the game and key research findings from H₂Mare. It serves as a source of information and gives context for the categorization of technical vocabulary.

 

Ammonia

Ammonia (NH₃) is a chemical compound of the elements nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) and an important basic material for the production of other nitrogen compounds, such as fertilizers. It may additionally play an important role as a green fuel in the future.

 

(CO₂) Direct Air Capture Plant

With the help of (CO₂) Direct Air Capture plants , carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be extracted from the ambient air, which is used e.g., for the production of E-Fuels.

 

E-Fuels/Synthetic Fuels

E-fuels/synthetic fuels differ from conventional fuels in the production process. Here, for example, gasoline, kerosene or diesel are not produced from petroleum but synthetically. Synthetic fuels produced with renewable electricity and CO₂ are climate neutral.

 

Electrolysis

Electrolysis refers to a chemical reaction in which a starting material is converted with the aid of electric current. Most of the electrical energy used is stored in the products. For example, the electrolysis of water supplies hydrogen as an energy carrier in addition to oxygen.

 

Electrolyzer

In an electrolyzer, substances are converted with the aid of electricity.

 

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis refers to a process for the production of hydrocarbons. They can be used as fuels. The basis is synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

 

Green hydrogen

Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water, using only electricity from renewable energy sources. Regardless of the electrolysis technology chosen, the production of hydrogen is thus CO₂-free.

 

Herring spawning season

During the herring spawning season (usually between March and June), large numbers of herring gather in certain marine regions to spawn. The herring spawning season plays a significant role in the marine ecosystem as it is an important food source for predatory fish, birds and marine mammals. During the spawning season, various measures are taken to protect the animals.

 

Hydrogen

Hydrogen (H₂) is the most abundant chemical element in the universe and an important energy carrier, as well as an important component of all liquid and gaseous energy carriers. Green hydrogen is produced by Elektrolysis.

 

Hydrogen storage

A hydrogen storage facility is a device for storing hydrogen. In H₂Mare, they enable storage for later use of the hydrogen as an energy source or raw material for the generation of other Power-to-X-products directly at sea.

 

H₂Mare

H₂Mare is one of three Hydrogen Flagship Projects and is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The project researches the production of green hydrogen at sea and makes a decisive contribution to the implementation of the National Hydrogen Strategy.

 

LNG

LNG (liquefied natural gas) is natural gas that has been liquefied by cooling it to -162 °C. LNG is mostly used where natural gas has to be transported over long distances without pipelines. Liquefaction reduces the volume of natural gas by a factor of 600, making it easier to transport and store.

 

Marine protected area

A marine protected area is a delineated area at sea that is subject to special measures to protect marine ecosystems or conserve endangered species.

 

Methane

Methane (CH₄) is a chemical compound and the main component of natural gas. Green methane produced with renewable energy can be used in the future, for example, as LNG to supply ships.

 

Methanol

Methanol (CH₃OH) is an organic chemical compound from the alcohol group. Green methanol is suitable, for example, as a fuel for ships or aircraft and is a basic chemical in industry.

 

National Hydrogen Strategy

The German National Hydrogen Strategy (NWS) was adopted by the German government in 2020 and updated in 2023. It is intended to prepare Germany's entry into the hydrogen economy.

 

(N₂) Nitrogen generator

A nitrogen generator is a system for extracting pure nitrogen (N₂) from the ambient air, which is required, for example, for the production of Ammonia.

 

Offshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines refer to wind farms located near the coast of the sea.

 

PEM-Elektrolysis

PEM electrolysis (proton exchange membrane) is a water electrolysis process. In contrast to alkaline electrolysis, it is carried out in an acidic medium.

 

Pipeline

A pipeline is a long-distance line for transporting liquids or gases. In H₂Mare, pipelines are used to transport green hydrogen from the sea to land.

 

Power-to-X

Power-to-X processes convert electricity from renewable energy sources (power) into different forms of energy (X).

 

Quasi-autonomous

Systems are called self-sufficient when they are independent of an outside supply of resources. Quasi-autonomous concepts often include resource storage, such as batteries, that have been replenished by the system when there is a surplus and can be used when resources are scarce.

 

Renewable energy

Renewable or regenerative energies are forms of energy from wind, sun or waterpower that are available in infinite quantities. Unlike fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas, they are more environmentally and climate friendly.

 

Seawater electrolysis

Seawater electrolysis is a process for hydrogen production. In this process, seawater is used directly instead of purified water.

 

Sector coupling

Sector coupling refers to the combination of the electricity, heat, industry and transport sectors. If the sectors are viewed holistically rather than individually, synergy effects are discovered. Sector coupling is seen as a key concept for the energy transition.

 

Steam electrolysis

Steam electrolysis is also called high-temperature electrolysis (HTE). It is a process for extracting hydrogen and oxygen from water, in which temperatures of 800 °C to 1000 °C are used.

 

Water electrolysis

Water electrolysis is an electrochemical reaction in which water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity.

 

Water electrolyzer

A water electrolyzer breaks down water into hydrogen and oxygen. Electric current is used for the electrochemical reaction, called water electrolysis.